3.7

Estimated financial damage (in billions of U.S.$) to California’s wineries by last year’s wildfires. According to industry analyst Jon Moramarco of the firm BW166, that includes losses of structures, vineyards, wine inventory, grapes and future sales of wine that was never made. Moramarco’s study, conducted in partnership with the California Wine Institute, was intended to underscore the industry’s urgent need to fund research on mitigating the effects of future wildfires, including the smoke taint that may result.