Aeration

The process of intentionally exposing wine to oxygen to “open up” and soften it. Aeration occurs during the winemaking process, as when wine is poured or racked (see RACKING) from barrel to barrel, but it may also take place at serving time, as when a young wine is poured into a carafe or a decanter or even just swirled in the glass.

In the South African bread, mosbolletjies, which of the following is an important ingredient?

A. A mixture of grape juice, skins, seeds and stems

B. Minced leaves from muscat vines

C. Indigenous South African cereals soaked in Vin de Constance

D. A pint of traditional South African beer

The brioche-like, buttery South African bread, mosbolletjies (pronounced mos-bol-eh-kis) is leavened with fermenting must— a mixture of grape juice, skins, seeds, and stems. French Huguenot immigrants settled in Western Cape in the late 1600s and began cultivating grapes. The loaves are often flavored with anise and are typically served with butter and a jam called moskonfyt, also made from must.

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Value (in billions of U.S. dollars) of the pistachio industry in California. The Golden State supplies 99% of the nation’s pistachios with over 312,000 planted acres. A single nut from Rafsanjan, Iran, mothered the entire… Continue reading

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